Asian dust events observed by a 20-m monitoring tower in Mongolia during 2009

A 20-m Asian dust monitoring tower was installed at Erdene in Dornogobi, Mongolia in later 2008, which is one of the high Asian dust source regions in the Asian domain, to investigate meteorological conditions for the dust events. The tower was equipped with meteorological sensors (temperature, humidity and wind speed at four levels, precipitation and pressure near the surface), radiation sensors (solar radiation, net radiation) and soil measurement sensors (soil moisture and soil temperature at three levels and soil heat flux at one level) and turbulent measurement (sonic anemometer) at the 8 m height and PM₁₀ concentration measurement (beta guage) at the 3 m height. Measurement was made for a full year of 2009. The observed data indicated that dust events occur all year round with the maximum hourly mean maximum concentration of 4107 μg m^?3 in the early May to a minimum of 92 μg m^?3 in later August. It was found that the dust concentration at this site is directly related to the wind speed exceeding the threshold wind speed (likewise the corresponding friction velocity) during the winter to early spring. However, the observed dust concentration is not only related to the wind speed exceeding the threshold wind speed but also to the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) during the late spring to the late autumn due to the growth of vegetation. It was also found that the surface soil moisture content does not affect the dust concentration due to the relatively short residence time of the soil moisture in the surface soil. The presently monitored data can be used to verify parameters used in the Asian Dust Aerosol Model (ADAM) that is the operational forecasting dust model in the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA).     

山西省朔州市耕地与基本农田优化布局研究

耕地和基本农田保护对矿业城市来说具有特殊的意义.以典型矿业城市——山西省朔州市为例,结合当地第三轮土地利用总体规划修编(2006-2020年),以当地2005年(规划基期年)耕地和基本农田的数量、质量为基础,分析其动态流向特征,最后根据自然气候、社会经济条件与耕地质量的一致性,将规划期内(至2020年)朔州市耕地划分为3个区域,分别探讨了各区域耕地利用、土壤改良和生态环境保护方向.     

土壤中苯并[a]芘测定的精密度控制指标研究

通过全国多家实验室的大量监测数据,研究分析了土壤中苯并[a]芘测定的精密度控制指标,并与EPA8270D进行了比较,旨在为环境监测工作提供质量控制依据和质量控制指标。研究表明,标准样品的室内相对标准偏差的质量控制范围≤28%,室内相对偏差的质量控制范围≤34%。     

Development of a high-efficiency rotary dryer for sewage sludge

A rotary drum dryer having an internal rotating body was designed and tested in this study. It was shown that the developed dryer is effective for drying sewage sludge. The best operating conditions in the dryer were low energy input and almost 10% moisture content. The conditions are 255°C for the rotary drum temperature, 17 min for the sludge residence time, and 55 kg/m³ h for the dryer load. Under these conditions, the drying efficiency was 84.8%. The average diameter of dried sludge was less than 8 mm, and the weight reduction rate was 80%. Parametric screening studies achieved the following results. The drying efficiency increased with the increase of the internal temperature and the sludge residence time in the rotary drum, while the drying efficiency decreased when increasing the dryer load. In addition, it was shown that NH₃ and CO₂ were the primary components released from the sewage sludge drying process. The amounts of both of these components increased when the rotary drum temperature was increased.     

Research on the alternatives in a strategic environmental assessment based on the extension theory

The main purpose of a strategic environmental assessment (SEA) is to facilitate the early consideration of potential environmental impacts in decision-making processes. SEA alternative identification is a core issue within the SEA framework. However, the current methods of SEA alternative formulation and selection are constrained by the limited setting range and lack of scientific evaluation. Thus, the current paper attempts to provide a new methodology based on the extension theory to identify a range of alternatives and screen the best one. Extension planning is applied to formulate a set of alternatives that satisfy the reasonable interests of the stakeholders. Extension priority evaluation is used to assess and optimize the alternatives and present a scientific methodology for the SEA alternative study. Thereafter, the urban traffic plan of Dalian City is used as an example to demonstrate the feasibility of the new method. The traffic planning scheme and the environmental protection scheme are organically combined based on the extension theory, and the reliability and practicality of this approach are examined.     

兼性厌氧菌群对湖滨带底泥有机污染物的降解效应

研究了兼性厌氧菌群不同接种量(1%(体积分数,下同)、5%、10%、20%、50%)下对太湖湖滨带底泥有机污染物的降解效果及微生物群落结构的影响。结果表明,与对照组相比,接种兼性厌氧菌群能显著提高总有机碳(TOC)、TN的降解率且降解率高,但是TP的降解率波动较大。补充实验证明接种菌液中大量的有机碳、氮源会引起样品中初始浓度升高,建议在使用接种菌液前进行3次无菌水冲洗。综合考虑接种兼性厌氧菌群对湖滨带底泥有机污染物的降解效果,确定其最佳接种量为10%。另外,接种兼性厌氧菌群后其菌群数量和菌活性都有显著提高而严格好氧菌、严格厌氧菌数量均无显著变化;第0天,微生物在接种量为10%时菌活性电子传递体系(ETS)最高。     

曝气和pH对城市污染河道底泥氮形态的影响

以城市重污染河道表层沉积物为研究对象,采用模拟实验方法,探讨了不同曝气方式(水曝气和泥曝气)、上覆水初始pH(自然状态pH=7和pH=11)对城市污染河道底泥氮形态的影响。结果表明:采用水曝气+pH11方式对城市重污染河道上覆水、间隙水中总氮去除率分别为70.03%和44.66%;泥曝气+pH7方式对上覆水、间隙水、底泥中氨氮去除率分别为94.31%、84.07%和68.29%;底泥pH与上覆水总氮浓度呈正相关(p<0.05);泥曝气+pH11方式使底泥含水率、烧失率明显升高,继而影响各形态氮在泥水系统中的赋存,其中底泥吸附态氨氮含量与底泥含水率呈显著负相关(p<0.01),间隙水可溶态氨氮浓度与底泥烧失率显著正相关(p<0.01)。     

Exposure to heavy metals in blood and risk perception of the population living in the vicinity of municipal waste incinerators in Korea

Background, aim, and scope

The purpose of this study was to monitor and present the heavy metal concentrations in the blood of residents of areas near municipal waste incinerators (MWIs), who are more prone to environmental pollution. We also sought to compare and analyze the residents?? perception of environmental pollution as one of the factors affecting heavy metal concentrations in the blood using a survey about the perceived damage caused by the facilities. Since heavy metal levels in the blood can be affected not only by local environmental pollution but also by personal and occupational factors, heavy metal levels in the blood need to be verified and consistently monitored.

Methods

Residents who live within 300?m of MWIs in Seoul are acknowledged to be under indirect influence according to the Waste Disposal Act. A survey was given to 841 residents living within 300?m of a MWI from 2006 to 2009. The concentrations of heavy metals (lead, cadmium, and mercury) in the blood were measured in the 841 surveyed residents and in 105 residents in reference areas. Additionally, the perception of the damage caused by municipal waste incinerators was investigated using scores from 1 to 5 on a Likert scale.

Results

The measurements of the heavy metal concentrations in the blood showed that the mean concentrations of lead, cadmium, and mercury were 43.1, 1.7, and 1.3?ug/L, respectively. The blood levels of lead and cadmium were slightly higher in the group of the subjects who had resided the longest near the municipal waste incinerators. When compared with the domestic investigation by the Ministry of Environment, the concentrations of lead and cadmium were a little higher, while that of mercury was a little lower. Overall, there was no significant difference in the distribution of heavy metal levels in the blood among age groups. Additionally, the investigation of the perceived damage from municipal waste incinerators showed that the subjects     

厌氧流化床处理白酒废水运行参数的研究

研究了床层膨胀率、HRT、温度以及有机容积负荷冲击等因素对AFB反应器COD去除率的影响。结果显示:温度为32±2℃,进水COD 6 000 mg/L,pH7.2条件下,AFB反应器处理白酒废水的优化运行参数为床层膨胀率为36%,回流比1∶7,水力停留时间8 h,此时废水COD去除率可达80%左右;同时该反应器在有机容积负荷达到36.1 kg COD/(m3.d)时COD去除率明显下降。     

Removal and recovery of uranium (VI) from aqueous solutions by residual sludge and its biochars

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The removal and recovery of uranium (VI) from water solutions are critical for energy and environmental security. In this study, hydrochar at 100,...